Selected Electrochemical Research, Technology, & Engineering Group Publications and Patents -- 2009 and Earlier
Publications
Nanditha G. Nair, Mario Blanco, William West, F. Christoph Weise, Steve Greenbaum, and V. Prakash Reddy, "Fluorinated Boroxin-Based Anion Receptors for Lithium Ion Batteries: Fluoride Anion Binding, Ab Initio Calculations, and Ionic Conductivity Studies", J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, 5918 (2009).
V. Ravi, S. Firdsoy, T. Caillat, E. Brandon, K. Van der Walde, L.L. Maricic and A. Sayir, "Thermal Expansion Studies of Thermoelectric Materials," J. Electron. Mat., 38, 1433 (2009).
M. Blanco, A.V. Shevade, M.A. Ryan, Quantum Mechanics and First principles Molecular Dynamics Selection of Polymer Sensing Materials. In M.A. Ryan, A.V. Shevade, C.J. Taylor, M.L. Homer, M. Blanco, J.R. Stetter (Ed.), Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection (Integrated Microanalytical Systems). Springer, Chapter 3, (2009).
S. R. Narayanan, T. I. Valdez, and S. Firdosy, "Analysis of the Performance of Nafion-Based Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells," J. Electrochemical Society, 156(1), B152-159 (2009).
K. A. Smith, M. C. Smart, G. K. S. Prakash, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Lithium Ion Electrolytes Containing Flame-Retardant Additives for Increased Safety Characteristics", ECS Trans. 16 (35), 33 (2009).
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar , L. D. Whitcanack, F. J. Puglia , S. Santee , and R. Gitzendanner, "Performance Testing of Yardney Li-Ion Cells and Batteries in Support of Future NASA Missions", 8th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Colorado Convention Center, Denver, CO, Aug 3-5, 2009.
S. R. Narayanan and Thomas I. Valdez, "High Energy Portable Fuel Cell Power Sources", The Electrochemical Society, Interface, Vol. 17, No. 4, 2008.
S. R. Narayanan, Thomas I. Valdez, and Samad Firdosy, "Analysis of the Performance of Nafion-Based Hydrogen–Oxygen Fuel Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc. 156 B152 (2009).
Annual Report to the ONR, PCM-Thermal Hydraulic Power Generation Device of AUV, AUVSI Conference, Orlando, Florida, Feb 2009.
J. F. Whitacre, W. C. West, K. Chin, and S. Narayanan, "Polymer-Based Composite Catholytes for Li Thin-Film Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (7), 50 (2008).
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and James Lim, "Chemical Passivation of Li+- Conducting Solid Electrolytes", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (6), 64 (2008).
J. F. Whitacre , W. C. West, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Composite Cathodes for Dual Rate Li-Ion Batteries", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (6), 60 (2008).
William C. West, Marshall C. Smart, Erik J. Brandon, Larry D. Whitcanack, and Gary A. Plett, "Double-Layer Capacitor Electrolytes Using 1,3-Dioxolane for Low Temperature Operation", J. Electrochem. Soc., 155, A716 (2008).
S. Seshadri, K. B. Chin, M.G. Buehler and R.A. Anderson, "Using Impedance Spectroscopy to Detect Water in Planetary Regoliths", Astrobiology, 8, no. 4, 2008, p. 781.
J. F. Whitacre, and W. C. West, "Solid State High Temperature Power Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (5), 40 (2008).
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, B. V. Ratnakumar, "LiCoPO4 Cathode Layers for Thin Film Batteries", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (3), 42 (2008).
Mahmoud Alahmada, Herb Hess, Mohammad Mojarradi, William West, Jay Whitacre, "Battery switch array system with application for JPL's rechargeable micro-scale batteries", J. Power Sources, 177, 566 (2008).
W. C. West, and J. F. Whitacre, "Increasing Discharge Capacities of Li- (CF)n Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 32 (2), 37, 2008.
J.F. Whitacre, K. Zaghib, W.C. West, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "Dual Active Material Composite Cathode Structures for Li-ion Batteries", J. Power Sources, 177, 528 (2008).
William West, Martin Buehler, and Didier Keymeulen, "Metal/Metal Oxide Differential Electrode pH Sensors", NASA Tech Briefs, 31 (10), 25 (2007).
K. B. Chin, M. G. Buehler, S. Seshadri, S. Dutz, S.R. Narayanan, Review of Scientific Instruments (Vol.78, No.1). 016104 (2007).
Nosang V. Myung, J.-P. Fluerial, Minhee Yun, William West, and Dan Choi, "Process for High-Rate Fabrication of Alumina Nanotemplates", NASA Tech Briefs, 31 (9), 62 (2007).
M.C. Smart, and B.V. Ratnakumar, L.D. Whitcanack, K.A. Smith, S. Santee, R. Gitzendanner, V. Yevoli, "Li-Ion Electrolytes Containing Ester Co-Solvents for Wide Operating Temperature Range", ECS Trans. 11, (29) 99 (2008).
K.A. Smith, M.C. Smart, G.K.S Prakash, B.V. Ratnakumar, "Electrolytes Containing Fluorinated Ester Co-solvents for Low-Temperature Li-Ion Cells", ECS Trans. 11, (29) 91 (2008).
Keith B. Chin, Ratnakumar V. Bugga Marshall C. Smart, and S. R. Narayanan, "Evaluation of Rapid Charge Methodologies for Li-Ion Chemistry", ECS Trans. 11 (29), 43 (2008).
M.C. Smart, B. L. Lucht, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "The Use of Electrolyte Additives to Improve the High Temperature Resilience of Li-Ion Cells", ECS Trans. 11, (29) 79 (2008).
M. C. Smart, B. L. Lucht, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Electrochemical characteristics of MCMB and LiNixCo1-xO2 electrodes from cells containing electrolytes with stabilizing additives and exposed to high temperature", J. Electrochemical Soc., 155 (8), A557-A568 (2008).
W. Li, A. Xiao, B. L. Lucht, M. C. Smart, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Surface analysis of MCMB and LiNixCo1-xO2 electrodes from cells containing electrolytes with stabilizing additives and exposed to high temperature", J. Electrochem. Soc., 155 (9), A648-A657 (2008).
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, E. A. Dewell, L. E. Jones, C. G. Salvo, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "Performance Testing of Yardney Li-ion Cells and Batteries in Support of JPL's 2009 Mars Science Laboratory Mission", 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Cleveland, OH, July 28-30, 2008.
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and L. D. Whitcanack, "Assessment of Various Low Temperature Electrolytes in Prototype Li-ion Cells Developed for ESMD Applications", 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Cleveland, OH, July 28-30, 2008.
B.V. Ratnakumar , M.C. Smart, W, West, E. A. Dewell, L. E. Jones, C. G. Salvo, L. J. Bister, S. Cohen, F. Puglia, R. Cooper, J. Gaithright, and D. Bhakta, "Li-Ion Rover Batteries and Descent Stage Lithium Thermal Batteries on the Mars Science Laboratory", 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Cleveland, OH, July 28-30, 2008.
M. C. Smart, G. K. S. Prakash, G. A. Olah, S. R. Narayanan, W. Chun, S. Surampudi, and G. Halpert "Performance of Dimethoxymethane and Trimethoxymethane in Liquid Feed Direct Oxidation Fuel Cells", J. Power Sources, 173 (1), 102-109 (2007).
William C. West, Jay F. Whitacre, Nicole Leifer, Steve Greenbaum, Marshall Smart, Ratnakumar Bugga, Mario Blanco, and S. R. Narayanan, "Reversible Intercalation of Fluoride-Anion Receptor Complexes in Graphite", J. Electrochem. Soc., 154, A929 (2007).
M. G. Buehler, K. B. Chin, D. Keymeulen, R. C. Anderson, S. Seshadri, "Electrical Properties Probe (EPP) for Characterizing the Water/Ice Content of Martian Soils Using Impedance Spectroscopy", IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (March 2007).
J. F. Whitacre, W. C. West, M. C. Smart, R. Yazami, C. K. Surya Prakash, A. Hamwi, and R. V. Bugga, "Enhanced Low-Temperature Performance of Li-CFx Batteries", Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 10, A166 (2007).
M. C, Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and K. Amine, "Electrochemical performance and kinetics of LiCo0.33Ni0.33Mn0.33O2 electrodes in low temperature electrolytes", .J. Power Sources, 168 (2), 501-508 (2007).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, A. Behar, L.D. Whitcanack, J.-S. Yu, M. Alamgir, "Gel Polymer Electrolyte Lithium-Ion Cells with Improved Low Temperature Performance", J. Power Sources, 165 (2), 535-543 (2007).
W. C. West and J. F. Whitacre, "MoO3 Cathodes for High-Temperature Lithium Thin-Film Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 31 (4), 54 (2007).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R.C. Ewell, L.D. Whitcanack, A. Kindler, S. R. Narayanan and S. Surampudi, "Potentiostatic Depassivation of Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide Batteries on Mars Exploration Rovers", J. Electrochem. Soc., 154 (7), A715-A724 (2007).
Erik J. Brandon, William C. West, Marshall C. Smart, Larry D. Whitcanack, and Gary A. Plett, "Extending the low temperature operational limit of supercapacitors", J. Power Sources, 170, 225 (2007).
A.V. Shevade, M.A. Ryan, W.A. Goddard III et al., "Quantum Mechanical Rapid Screening of Chemical Sensing Materials", (poster, invited) National Academy of Sciences Frontiers of Science Symposium, Irvine CA (2007).
M. C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia , and R. Gitzendanner, "An update on the Ground Testing of the Li-ion Batteries in Support of JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission, 5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), St. Louis, MI, June 27-29, 2007.
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and L. D. Whitcanack, "Performance of Low Temperature Electrolytes in Experimental and Prototype Li-ion Cells", 5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), St. Louis, MI, June 27-29, 2007.
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, R. C. Ewell, S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "An Update on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries on Mars Rovers", 5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), St. Louis, MI, June 27-29, 2007.
Rachid Yazami, Yasunori Ozawa, Shu Miao, Andre Hamwi, Jay Whitacre, Marshall Smart, W. West, and Ratnakumar Bugga, "The Kinetics of Sub-Fluorinated Carbon Fluoride Cathodes for Lithium Batteries", ECS Trans. 3, (36) 199 (2007).
B. V. Ratnakumar, and M. C. Smart, "Aerospace Applications – Planetary Exploration Missions (Orbiters, Landers, Rovers and Probes)" Industrial Applications of Batteries. From Electric Vehicles to Energy Storage and Toll Collection, G. Pistoia and M. Broussely (Editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007, pp 327-387.
M. C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia , and R. Gitzendanner, "An update on the Ground Testing of the Li-ion Batteries in Support of JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission, 4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Diego, CA, June 26-29, 2006.
C. M. Reid, M. C. Smart, R. V. Bugga, M. A. Manzo, T. B. Miller, and R. Gitzendanner, "Performance and Comparison of Lithium-ion Batteries Under Low-Earth-Orbit Mission Profiles", 4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Diego, CA, June 26-29, 2006.
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, R. C. Ewell, S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "An Update on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries on Mars Rovers", 4th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Diego, CA, June 26-29, 2006.
M. C. Smart, S. Hossain, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. Loutfy, L. D. Whitcanack, "Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Cells Possessing Carbon Fiber Composite-Based Anodes and Ester-Based Electrolytes", 42nd Power Sources Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June 12-15, 2006.
B. L. Lucht, W. Li, A. Xiao, J. DiCarlo, S. Santee, M. C. Smart and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Extending the Calendar Life and Thermal Stability of Lithium Ion Batteries", 42nd Power Sources Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June 12-15, 2006.
Jay Whitacre, R. Yazami, A. Hamwi, M. C. Smart, W. Bennett, G. K. S. Prakash, T. Miller, R. Bugga, "Low Temperature Li CFx Batteries Based on Sub-Fluorinated Graphitic Materials", 42nd Power Sources Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June 12-15, 2006.
Jay Whitacre, R. Yazami, A. Hamwi, M. C. Smart, W. Bennett, G.K. S. Prakash, T. Miller, R. Bugga, "Low operational temperature Li-CFx batteries using cathodes containing sub-fluorinated graphitic materials", J. Power Sources, 160, (1), 577-584 (2006).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. D. Whitcanack and R. C. Ewell, "The Impedance Characteristics of Mars Exploration Rover Li-ion Batteries", J. Power Sources, 159 (2), 1428-1439 (2006).
A.V. Shevade, A.V., Homer, M. L., Taylor, M.A. Ryan et al., Correlating Polymer-Carbon Composite Sensor Response with Molecular Descriptors," Journal of Electrochemical Society, vol153, H209-H216. (2006).
S.R. Narayanan, S.-P. S. Yen, A.V. Shevade, High Capacity Reversible Hydrogen Storage System Based on Piperazine and Pyrazine, NASA Tech Brief (2006).
W. C. West, "Self-Passivating Lithium/Solid Electrolyte/Iodine Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 30, 45(2006).
L. Zhou, S. Jung, T.N. Jackson and E. Brandon, "Flexible Substrate Micro-Crystalline Silicon and Gated Amorphous Silicon Strain Sensors," IEEE Trans. Electron Dev., 53, 380 (2006).
W. C. West, "Anion-Intercalating Cathodes for High-Energy-Density Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 30 (9), 71 (2006).
J. F. Whitacre, and W. C. West, "Improved Fabrication of Lithium Films Having Micron Features", NASA Tech Briefs, 30 (8), 48 (2006).
J. F. Whitacre, L. Y. Del Castillo, M. Mojarradi, T. Johnson, W. West, and R. Andersen, "Neuro-Prosthetic Implants with Adjustable Electrode Arrays", NASA Tech Briefs, 30 (2), 56 (2006).
V. P. Reddy, M. C. Smart, K. B. Chin, B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, J. Hu, P. Yan, and G. K. S. Prakash, "13C NMR Spectroscopic, CV, and Conductivity Studies of Propylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes Containing Various Lithium Salts", Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 8 (6), A294-A298 (2005).
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , K. B. Chin , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "Ground Testing of the Li-ion Batteries in Support of JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission" 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Francisco, CA , Aug. 19, 2005.
B.V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, R. C. Ewell , L. D. Whitcanack , K. B. Chin , S. Surampudi, F. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, "Telemetry Data of the Li-ion Batteries on JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers" 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), San Francisco, CA , Aug. 19, 2005.
T. I. Valdez, S. Firdosy, B. E. Koel and S. R. Narayanan, Investigation of Ruthenium Dissolution in Advanced Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Direct Methanol Based Fuel Cell Stacks, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings, Proceedings to the 208th Meeting of The Electrochemical Society, Los Angeles, California, abstract #981, 2005.
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, J. F. Whitacre, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, M. D. Rodriquez, D. Zhao, S. G. Greenbaum, and S. Surampudi, " The effect of electrolyte type upon the high temperature resilience of lithium-ion cells", J. Electrochem. Soc, 152 (6), A1096-A1104 (2005).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C, Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, E. D. Davies, K. B. Chin, F. Deligiannis, and S. Surampudi, "Behavior of Li-ion Cells in High-intensity Radiation Environments: II. Sony/AEA/ComDEV Cells". J. Electrochem. Soc., 152 (2), A357-A363 (2005).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, and S. R. Narayanan, "Ester-based electrolytes that enable lithium-ion cell operation at very low temperatures (-40 to -70oC)", 206th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Oct. 3- Oct. 8, 2004.
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Ewell, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, and S. Surampudi, "Validation of Lithium-Ion Cell Technology for JPL's 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission", 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Providence, Rhode Island, Aug. 19, 2004.
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R. C. Ewell, L. D. Whitcanack, A. Kindler, and S. R. Narayanan, "Lithium-Sulfur Dioxide Batteries on Mars Rovers", 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Providence, Rhode Island, Aug. 19, 2004.
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R. C. Ewell, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, and S. R. Narayanan, "Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries on Mars Rovers", 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Providence, Rhode Island, Aug. 19, 2004.
M. C. Smart, S. Hossain, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. Loutfy, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, E. D. Davies, S. Surampudi, and S. R. Narayanan, "Performance Characterization of Lithium-Ion Cells Possessing Carbon-Carbon Composite-Based Anodes Capable of Operating Over a Wide Temperature Range", Power Sources Conference, June 16, 2004, p. 397-400.
M. C. Smart*, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin, S. Surampudi, S. R. Narayanan, Mohamed Alamgir, Ji-Sang Yu, and Edward P. Plichta "High Power, Gel Polymer Lithium-Ion Cells with Improved Low Temperature Performance for NASA and DoD Applications", Power Sources Conference, June 15, 2004, p. 223-226.
G. K. Surya Prakash*, Marshall C. Smart, Qun-Jie Wang, Anthony Atti, Virginie Pleynet, Bo Yang, Kimberly McGrath, George A. Olah,* S. R. Narayanan*, William Chun, Thomas Valdez, and Subbarao Surampudi, "High Efficiency Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Based on Poly(styrenesulfonic) Acid (PSSA)-Poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) Composite Membranes", J. Fluorine Chem., 125, 1217-1230 (2004).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C, Smart, L. D. Whitcanack, E. D. Davies, K. B. Chin, F. Deligiannis, and S. Surampudi, "Behavior of Li-ion Cells in High-intensity Radiation Environments", J. Electrochem. Soc., 151 (4), A652-A659 (2004).
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin and S. Surampudi, R. Gitzendanner, and F. Puglia, "Lithium-Ion Batteries for Aerospace", IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 19(1), 18-25 (2004).
V. Sukumar, M. Alahmad, K. Buck, H. Hess, H. Li, D. Cox, F. N. Zghoul, J. Jackson, S. Terry, B. Blalock, M. M. Mojarradi, W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, "High voltage MOSFET gate/bulk driver controller for a microbattery switch matrix in a 0.35 mu m microwave SOI technology", Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 44, 203 (2005).
J.S. Van Sluytman, W.C. West, J.F Whitacre, F.M. Alamgir, S. G. Greenbaum, "Cycling-Induced Degradation of LiCoO2 Thin-Film Cathodes at Elevated Temperature", Electrochim. Acta, 51, 3001 (2006).
Reddy V. Prakash; Smart Marshall C.; Chin Keith B.; Ratnakumar Bugga V.; Surampudi Subbarao; Hu Jinbo; Yan Ping; Surya Prakash G. K. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters; 8(6):A294 - A298, 2005.
J. F. Whitacre, T. Valdez, and S. R. Narayanan, Investigation of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts Using a Robust Combinatorial Technique. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 152 (9), A1780–A1789 (2005).
W. C. West and J. F. Whitacre, "Long Cycle Life Elevated Temperature Thin Film Batteries Incorporating MoO3 Cathodes", J. Electrochem. Soc., 152, A966 (2005).
J.F. Whitacre, and W.C. West, "Crystalline Li3PO4/Li4SiO4 Solid Solutions as an Electrolyte for Film Batteries Using Sputtered Cathode Layers", Solid State Ionics, 175, 251 (2004).
W. C. West, N. Myung, J. Whitacre, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Direct Electrolytic Deposition of Manganese Oxide Nanowires for High Power Battery and Capacitor Electrodes", NASA Tech Briefs, 28, 42 (2004).
N. V. Myung, J. Lim, J.-P. Fleurial, M. Yun, W. West, and D. Choi, "Alumina Nanotemplate Fabrication on Silicon Substrate," Nanotechnology, 15, 833 (2004).
J. Whitacre, J.-P. Fleurial , T. Johnson , A. Ryan, W. West, M. Mojarradi, B. V. Ratnakumar, J. Blosiu, S. Surampudi, "Integrated Solar Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices", NASA Tech Briefs, 28, 11a (2004).
E. J. Brandon, W. West, E. Wesseling, "Carbon Based Printed Contacts for Organic Thin-Film Transistors", Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 3945 (2003).
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, B. V. Ratnakumar"Microbattery Arrays for Combinatorial Studies of Battery Materials", NASA Tech Briefs, 27, 48 (2003).
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and J. R. Lim, "Chemical Stability Enhancement of Lithium Conducting Solid Electrolyte Plates Using Sputtered LiPON Thin Films", J. Power Sources, 126, 134(2004).
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Electrophoretic Deposition for Fabricating Microbatteries", NASA Tech Briefs, 27, 58 (2003).
W. C. West, N. V. Myung, J. F. Whitacre, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Electrodeposited Amorphous Manganese Oxide Nanowire Arrays for High Energy and Power Density Electrodes", J. Power Sources, 126, 203 (2004).
Vinesh Sukumar, Mahmoud Alahmad, Kevin Buck, Herbert Hess, Harry Li, Dave Cox, Fadi Nessir Zghoul, Jeremy Jackson, Stephen Terry, Ben Blalock, M. M. Mojarradi,W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, "Switch array system for thin film lithium microbatteries", J. Power Sources, 136, 401 (2004).
G.K.S. Prakash, M.C. Smart, Q.J. Wang, A. Atti, V. Pleynet, B. Yang, K. McGrath, G.A. Olah, S.R. Narayanan, W. Chun, T. I. Valdez, S. Surampudi, High efficiency direct methanol fuel cell based on poly(styrenesulfonic) acid (PSSA)-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite membranes. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 125 (8) pg 1217-1230 (2004).
J.Y. Kim, Z.G. Yang, C.-C. Chang, T.I. Valdez, S.R. Narayanan, and P. N. Kumta, A Sol-Gel Based Approach to Synthesize High Surface-Area Pt-Ru Catalyst as Anodes for DMFCs. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 150 (11) pg A1421-A1431 (2003).
J.F. Whitacre, W.C. West, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "A Combinatorial Study of LiyMnxNi2-xO4 Spinel Cathode Materials Using Microfabricated Solid-State Electrochemical Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1676 (2003).
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "RF Magnetron Sputtered LiCoPO4 Cathodes for 4.8V Thin Film Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, A1660 (2003).
E.J. Brandon, E. Wesseling, V. Chang and W.B. Kuhn., "Printed Microinductors on Flexible Substrates for Power Applications," IEEE Trans. Comp. Pack. Tech.., 26, 517 (2003).
E.J. Brandon, E. Wesseling, V. White, C. Ramsey, L. Del Castillo and U. Lieneweg, "Fabrication and Characterization of Microinductors for Distributed Power Converters," IEEE Trans. Magnetics, 39, 2049 (2003).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, V. S. Ryan-Mowrey, S. Surampudi G. K. S. Prakash, J. Hu, and I. Cheung, "Improved Performance and Safety of Lithium Ion Cells with the Use of Fluorinated Carbonate-Based Electrolytes", J. Power Sources, 119-12, 359-367 (2003).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, A. Kindler, H. Frank, R. Ewell and S. Surampudi, "Lithium Batteries for Aerospace Applications: 2003 Mars Exploration Rover", J. Power Sources, 119-12, 906-910 (2003).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, and S. Surampudi, H. Croft, D. Tice and R. Staniewicz, "Improved Low Temperature Performance of Lithium Ion Cells with Quaternary Carbonate-Based Electrolytes", J. Power Sources, 119-12, 349-358 (2003).
I. W. Cheung, K. B. Chin, M. C. Smart, E. R. Greene, S. G. Greenbaum, G. K. S. Prakash, and S. Surampudi, "Electrochemical Characterization of Composite PEO-Based Polymer Electrolytes", Electrochim Acta, 48, 2149-2156 (2003).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, L. D. Whitcanack, and S. Surampudi, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Technology Under Extreme Environmental Conditions", 1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Portsmouth, Virginia, Aug. 17-21 (2003).
M.C. Smart*, B.V. Ratnakumar, L. D. Whitcanack, K. B. Chin and S. Surampudi, R. Gitzendanner, and F. Puglia, Performance Testing of Lithion 8-Cell, 25 Ah Lithium-Ion Batteries for Future Aerospace Applications", 1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Portsmouth, Virginia, Aug. 17-21 (2003).
S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez and N. Rohatgi, DMFC System design for portable applications. Handbook of Fuel Cells, Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Volume 4, Fuel Cell Technology and Applications Part 2, Editors: W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger , Chapter 81, pg 894 – 904, 2003.
S.R. Narayanan and T.I. Valdez, Portable direct methanol fuel cell systems. Handbook of Fuel Cells, Fundamentals, Technology, and Applications, Volume 4, Fuel Cell Technology and Applications Part 2, Editors: W. Vielstich, A. Lamm, and H. A. Gasteiger , Chapter 81, pg 1131 – 1161, 2003M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, L. Whitcanack, E. Davies and S. Surampudi, M. A. Manzo and P. J. Dalton "Lithium-Ion Cell Technology Demonstration for Future NASA Applications", 37th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Washington DC, Aug, 2002.
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, M. Rodriguez, and S. Surampudi "Performance Characteristics of Lithium Ion Cells at Low Temperatures", IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 17 (12), 16-20 (2002).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Use of Organic Esters as Co-Solvents in Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries with Improved Low Temperature Performance", J. Electrochem. Soc., 149 (4), A361-A370 (2002).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, J. Whitacre, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, M. Rodriguez, and S. Surampudi, "The Effect of High Temperature Exposure upon the Performance of Lithium Ion Cells", IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 53-58.
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, K. Chin, M. Rodriguez, and S. Surampudi Performance Characteristics of Lithium Ion Cells at Low Temperatures IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 41-46.
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, G. Halpert, A. Kindler, H. Frank, S. DiStefano, R. Ewell, and S. Surampudi, "Lithium Batteries for 2003 Mars Exploration Rover", IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 47-52.
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, G. Halpert, A. Kindler, H. Frank, S. Distefano, R. Ewell, and S. Surampudi, "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and it's Application to Lithium Ion Cells", IEEE 17th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan. 15-18, 2002, p. 275-280.
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, V. White, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Fabrication and Testing of All Solid-State Micro-Scale Lithium Batteries for Microspacecraft Applications", J. Micromechanics and Microengineering, 12, 58 (2002).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, K. B. Chin, L. Whitcanack, E. Davies and S. Surampudi, "The Effect of Electrolyte Additives Upon the Kinetics of Lithium Intercalation/De-Intercalation at Low Temperatures". Ext. Abst. 203rd Electrochemical Society Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, Oct., 2002.
J.F. Whitacre, W.C. West, E. Brandon, and B.V. Ratnakumar, "Crystallographically Oriented Thin-Film Nanocrystalline Cathode Layers Prepared Without Exceeding 300°C", J. Electrochem. Soc., 148, A1078 (2001).
J. F. Whitacre, W. C. West, B. V. Ratnakumar, "The Influence of Target History and Deposition Geometry on RF Magnetron Sputtered LiCoO2 Thin Films", J. Power Sources, 103, 134 (2001).
W. C. West, J. F. Whitacre, E. J. Brandon, and B. V. Ratnakumar, Invited Paper: "Lithium Micro-Battery Development at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory", IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 16, 31 (2001).
W. C. West, and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Protective Solid Electrolyte Films for Thin Li-Ion Cells", NASA Tech Briefs, 26, 50 (2002).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C, Smart, and S. Surampudi, "Effects of SEI on the kinetics of lithium intercalation", J. Power Sources., 97-98, 137-139 (2001).
R. A. Marsh, S. Vukson, S. Surampudi, B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, M. Manzo, and P. J. Dalton, "Li Ion Batteries for Aerospace Applications", J. Power Sources, 97-98, 25 (2001).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, and S. Surampudi, "Performance and Safety of Lithium Ion Cells", IEEE 15th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA, Jan, 2001. C.K. Witham, T. I. Valdez and S.R. Narayanan, Methanol Oxidation Activity of Co-Sputter Deposited Pt-Ru Catalysis. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 114-122.
S. Mukerjee, R. C. Urian, C.K. Witham, T.I. Valdez, and S.R. Narayanan, Bifunctionality on Pt Alloy Nanocluster Electrocatalysis for Enhanced Methanol Oxidation and CO Tolerance in PEM Fuel Cells: Electrochemical and In Situ Synchrotron Spectroscopy. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 136-152.
S.R. Narayanan and T. I. Valdez, Analysis of Voltage Transients in Methanol Fuel Cells. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 164-173.
A. Kindler, T.I. Valdez, C. Cropely, S. Stone and E Veksler, The Development of a 1 kW Direct Methanol Fuel Cell System. Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 231-240.
S.R. Narayanan, T. I. Valdez and F. Clara, Development of a Miniature Fuel Cell For Portable Applications. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 254-264.
T. I. Valdez, S.R. Narayanan, C. Lewis and W. Chun, Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidant Fuel Cell Systems for Ultra-Portable Applications Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 2001-4, Edited by S.R. Narayanan, S. Gottesfeld and T. Zawondzinski, 2001, Pages 265-273.
S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez, and F. Clara, Design and Development of Miniature Direct Methanol Fuel Cell For Cellular Phone Applications, Presented at The Fuel Cell Seminar, 2000 Fuel Cell Seminar Abstracts, pg. 795-798, Portland OR, 2000.
S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez, A. Kindler, C. Witham, S. Surampudi, and H. Frank, Direct methanol fuel cells – status, challenges and prospects, 15th Annual Battery Conference on Application Advances Proceedings, Long Beach, CA., 2000, Pages 33-36.
C.K. Witham, W. Chun, T.I. Valdez, and S.R. Narayanan, Performance of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells with Sputter-Deposited Anode Catalyst Layers. Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 3 (11) pg. 497- 500. (2000).
S.R. Narayanan, T.I. Valdez, and W. Chun, Design and Operation of an Electrochemical Methanol Concentration Sensor for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Systems. Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 3 (3) pg. 117-120. (2000).
A. Hightower, P. Delcroix, G. Le Caër, C.‐K. Huang, B. V. Ratnakumar, C. C. Ahn, and B. Fultz, "A 119Sn Mössbauer Spectrometry Study of Li‐SnO Anode Materials for Li‐Ion Cells," J. Electrochem. Soc. 2000 147(1): 1-8.
T.I. Valdez, S.R. Narayanan and N. Rohatgi, Development of a 150-Watt direct methanol fuel cell system, 15th Annual Battery Conference on Application Advances Proceedings, Long Beach, CA., 2000, Pages 37-40.
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Akyl Pyrocarbonate Electrolyte Additives for Performance Enhancement of Li Ion Cells" Lithium Batteries; Proceedings of the International Symposium, , S. Surampudi, R. A. Marsh, Z. Ogumi, and J. Prakash (Eds.) Proceedings Volume 99-25, The Electrochemical Society, 2000.
E.J. Plichta, M. Hendrickson, R. Thomas, G. Au, W. K. Behl, M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of low temperature Li-ion electrolytes for NASA and DoD applications", J. Power Sources, 94, 160 (2000).
B. V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, C.K. Huang, D. Perrone, S. Surampudi and S. G. Greenbaum, "Lithium-Ion Batteries for Mars Exploration Missions", Electrochim. Acta, 45, 1314 (2000).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Testing of Lithium Ion Cells at JPL for Future NASA Aerospace Applications", Proceedings of the 2000 SAE Power Systems Conference, San Diego, CA (October, 2000).
H. Croft, B. Staniewicz, M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Cycling and Low Temperature Performance of Li Ion Cells", 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000.
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, L. Lowry, R. Gitzendanner, C. Marsh, F. Puglia, J. Byers, and R. Marsh, 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000,
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, R. Ewell, and R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for Mars Sample Return Athena Rover", 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Las Vegas, NV, July 24-28, 2000.
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, J. Byers, and R. Marsh, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, 14: 11, 36-42 (1999).
M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, J. Byers, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for NASA's Mars 2001 Lander Applications", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Aug., 1999.
B. V. Ratnakumar, M. C. Smart, R. Ewell, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for Mars Sample Return Athena Rover", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Aug., 1999.
J. –P. Fleurial, G. J. Snyder, J. A. Herman, M. Smart, P. Shakkottai, P. H. Giauque, and M. A. Nicolet, "Miniaturized Thermoelectric Power Sources", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Aug., 1999.
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, S.G. Greenbaum, A. Hightower, C. Ahn, and B. Fultz, "Irreversible Capacities of Graphite in Low Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc., 146, 3963 (1999).
M. C Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, L. Whitcanack, S. Surampudi, and R. Marsh, "Performance Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells for NASA Aerospace Applications", SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference Proceedings P-323, Mesa, Arizona, April 7, 1999.
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, Proceedings of the IEEE 14th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA (Jan. 1999).
B.V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, J. Byers, R. Ewell and S. Surampudi, Proceedings of the IEEE 14th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, Long Beach, CA (Jan.1999).
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, C.-K. Huang, and S. Surampudi, "Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium-Ion Cells", SAE Aerospace Power Systems Conference Proceedings P-322, 1998, p. 7-14.
B.V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, and S. Surampudi, "Self-Discharge and Low Temperature Charge Characteristics of Li-Ion Cells" Proceedings of the 38th Power Sources Conference, June, 1998.
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of High Conductivity Lithium-Ion Electrolytes for Low Temperature Cell Applications" Proceedings of the 38th Power Sources Conference, June, 1998.
J.S. Sakamoto, C.-K. Huang, S. Surampudi, M. Smart, and J. Wolfenstine, Mater. Lett., 1998, 33, 327.
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Electrolytes for Low Temperature Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Mixtures of Aliphatic Carbonates", J. Electrochem.Soc., 146, 486 (1999).
S.R. Narayanan, T. Valdez, N. Rohatgi, J. Christiansen, W. Chun, G. Voecks, and G. Halpert, Electrochemical Factors in the Design of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Systems. Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells II, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 98-27, Edited by S. Gottesfeld and T.F. Fuller, 1998, Pages 316-326.
T.I. Valdez and S.R. Narayanan, Recent Studies on Methanol Crossover in Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Proton Conducting Membrane Fuel Cells II, The Electrochemical Society proceedings volume 98-27, Edited by S. Gottesfeld and T.F. Fuller, 1998, Pages 380-387.
G. Halpert. S. Narayanan, H. Frank, A. Kindler, T. Valdez, W. Chun, S. Surampudi, J. Kosek, C. Cropley and A. LaConti (Giner), G. K. Surya Prakash, G. Olah and M. Smart The Progress with Direct Methanol, Liquid-Feed Fuel Cell System, 32nd IECEC Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, July 28, 1997.
M.C. Smart, C.-K. Huang, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of Advanced Lithium-Ion Cells with Improved Low Temperature Performance", Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC), Honolulu, Hawaii, July, 1997.
S.R. Narayanan, E. Vamos, S. Surampudi, H. Frank, G. Halpert, G.K.S. Prakash, M. Smart, R. Knieler, G.A. Olah, J. Kosek, and C. Cropley, "Direct Electro-oxidation of Dimethoxymethane, Trimethoxymethane and Trioxane and their Application in Fuel Cells", J. Electrochem. Soc., 144, 4195 (1997).
C. Witham, A. Hightower, B. Fultz, B. V. Ratnakumar, and R. C. Bowman, Jr., "Electrochemical Properties of LaNi5−x Gex Alloys in Ni‐MH Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997 144(11): 3758-3764.
B.V. Ratnakumar, P. Timmerman, S. Di Stefano, "Simulation of temperature-compensated voltage limit curves for aerospace Ni-Cd batteries using a first principles' model," J. Power Sources, 63, 157-165 (1996).
M.C. Smart, C.-K. Huang, B.V. Ratnakumar, and S. Surampudi, "Development of Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cells", Proceedings of the 37th Power Sources Conference, 239-242 (1996).
S.R. Narayanan, A. Kindler, B. Jeffries-Nakamura, W. Chun, H. Frank, M. Smart, T.I. Valdez, S. Surampudi, G. Halpert, J. Kosek, and C. Cropley, "Recent Advances in PEM Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol Fuel Cells", Proceedings of the IEEE 11th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, p.113, Long Beach, CA (Jan. 1996).
C.-K. Huang, M. Smart, E. Davies, and S. Surampudi, "Recent Development of Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cells at JPL", Proceedings of the IEEE 11th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances, p.325, Long Beach, CA (Jan.1996).
C. Witham, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Bowman, Jr., A. Hightower, and B. Fultz,
"Electrochemical Evaluation of LaNi5−x Gex Metal Hydride Alloys", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996 143(9): L205-L208.
B. V. Ratnakumar, C. Witham, R. C. Bowman, Jr., A. Hightower, and B. Fultz, "Electrochemical Studies on LaNi5−x Snx Metal Hydride Alloys", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996 143(8): 2578-2584; doi:10.1149/1.1837050.
B. V. Ratnakumar, P. Timmerman, C. Sanchez, S. Di Stefano, and G. Halpert, "Predictions from the Macrohomogeneous Model of an Aerospace Ni‐Cd Battery", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996 143(3): 803-812.
B S.R. Narayanan, H. Frank, B. Jeffries-Nakamura, M. Smart, W. Chun, G. Halpert, J. Kosek, C. Cropley, "Studies on Methanol Crossover in Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol PEM Fuel Cells", Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 95-23, 278 (1995).
S.R. Narayanan, A. Kindler, B. Jeffries-Nakamura, W. Chun, H. Frank, M. Smart, S. Surampudi and G. Halpert, "Performance of PEM Liquid-Feed Direct Methanol-Air Fuel Cells", Electrochemical Society Proceedings Volume 95-23, 261 (1995).
B.V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi, G. Halpert, "Effects of sulfur additive on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells", J. Power Sources, 48, 349-360 (1994).
B. V. Ratnakumar, C. Witham, B. Fultz, and G. Halpert, "Electrochemical Evaluation of La‐Ni-Sn Metal Hydride Alloys," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994 141(8): L89-L91.
B. V. Ratnakumar, A. I. Attia, S. Surampudi, and G. Halpert, "A New Reference Electrode for Na / MCl2 Batteries", J. Electrochem. Soc. 1993 140(12): L171-L172.
B. V. Ratnakumar, G. Nagasubramanian, S. Di Stefano, and C. P. Bankston, "Kinetics of Intercalation of Lithium into NbSe3 and TiS2 Cathodes," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1992 139(6): 1513-1521.
B. V. Ratnakumar, A. I. Attia, and G. Halpert, "Alternate Cathodes for Sodium—Metal Chloride Batteries," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1991 138(3): 883.
B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Di Stefano, and G. Halpert, "Electrochemistry of Metal Chloride Cathodes in Sodium Batteries," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990 137(10): 2991-2997.
B.V. Ratnakumar, A.I. Attia, G. Halpert, "Sodium-metal chloride battery research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)", J. Power Sources, 36, 385-394 (1991).
B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Di Stefano, R. M. Williams, "Organic cathode materials in sodium batteries", J. Appl. Electrochem. (1990).
S. Di Stefano, B.V. Ratnakumar, C.P. Bankston, "Advanced rechargeable sodium batteries with novel cathodes", J. Power Sources, 29, 301-309 (1990).
B. V. Ratnakumar, C. L. Ni, S. Di Stefano, G. Nagasubramanian, and C. P. Bankston, "Electrochemical Studies on Niobium Triselenide Cathode Material for Lithium Rechargeable Cells," J. Electrochem. Soc. 1989 136(1): 6-12.
B. V. Ratnakumar, S. Di Stefano, C. P. Bankston , "A.c. impedance of niobium triselenide cathode in secondary lithium cells", J. Appl. Electrochem., (1989).
C. C. Ahn, Y. Ye, B. V. Ratnakumar, "Hydrogen desorption and adsorption measurements on graphite nanofibers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 73 (23): 3378-3380 Dec 7 1998.
R. C. Bowman, C. Witham, B. Fultz and B. V. Ratnakumar, "Hydriding behavior of gas-atomized AB(5) alloys", J. Alloys and Compounds, 253: 613-616 (1997).
Issued Patents
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, Thomas I. Valdez, "Monopolar fuel cell stack coupled together without use of top or bottom cover plates or tie rods", U. S. Patent No. 7,585,577 (2009).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, William Chun, Barbara Jeffries-Nakamura, Thomas I. Valdez, "Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of aqueous organic solutions", U. S. Patent No. 7,056,428 B2, (2006).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, Thomas I. Valdez, Filiberto Clara, "Electrode and interconnect for miniature fuel cells using direct methanol feed", U.S. Patent No. 6,756,145, (2004).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, Thomas I. Valdez, Filiberto Clara, Harvey A. Frank, "Reduced size fuel cell for portable applications", U. S. Patent No. 6,680,139, (2004).
G. K. S. Prakash, S. R. Narayanan, A. Atti, G. Olah, and M. C. Smart, "Membrane Electrode Assembly for a Fuel Cell", U. S. Patent 7,147,958 (December 12, 2006).
J. F. Whitacre, R. V. Bugga, and W. C. West, "Method for Manufacturing Thin-Film Lithium Microbatteries", U. S. Patent No. 6,764,525 (2004).
J. F. Whitacre, R. V. Bugga, and W. C. West, "Structure and Method for Manufacturing Thin Film Lithium Microbatteries", U. S. Patent No. 6,558,836 (2003).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, William Chun, Barbara Jeffries-Nakamura, Thomas I. Valdez, "Hydrogen generation by electrolysis of aqueous organic solutions", U.S. Patent No. 6,533,919, (2003).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, Thomas I. Valdez, "Power generation in fuel cells using liquid methanol and hydrogen peroxide", U.S. Patent No. 6,485,851, (2002).
Andrew Kindler, Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, Thomas I. Valdez, "Aerosol feed direct methanol fuel cell", U.S. Patent No. 6,440,594, (2002).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, William Chun, Barbara Jeffries-Nakamura, Thomas I. Valdez, "Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis of Aqueous Organic Solutions", U.S. Patent No. 6,432,284, (2002).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, William Chun, Barbara Jeffries-Nakamura, Thomas I. Valdez, "Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis of Aqueous Organic Solutions", U.S. Patent No. 6,368,492, (2002).
M.C. Smart, B.V. Ratnakumar, S. Surampudi and C. –K. Huang "Organic Solvents, Electrolytes, and Lithium Ion Cells with Good Low Temperature Performance", U.S. Patent 6,492,064 (Dec. 10, 2002).
G.K.S Prakash, G.A. Olah, M.C. Smart, S.R. Narayanan, Q. J. Wang, S. Surampudi, and G. Halpert, "Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Use in Fuel Cells", U.S. Patent 6,444,343 (Sept. 3, 2002).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, William Chun, Thomas I. Valdez, "Techniques for sensing methanol concentration in aqueous environments", U.S. Patent No. 6,306,285, (2001).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, William Chun, Barbara Jeffries-Nakamura, Thomas I. Valdez, "Hydrogen Generation by Electrolysis of Aqueous Organic Solutions", U.S. Patent No. 6,299,744, (2001).
William Chun, Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, Barbara Jeffries-Nakamura, Thomas I. Valdez, Juergen Linke, "Direct Deposit of Catalyst on the membrane of direct feed fuel cells",U.S. Patent No. 6,221,523 B1, (2001).
Sekharipuram R. Narayanan, Barbara Jeffries-Nakamura, William Chun, Ron P. Ruiz, Thomas I. Valdez, "Sputter-Deposited Fuel Cell Membrane Electrodes", U.S. Patent No. 6,171,721 (2001).
Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Brent Fultz, Robert Bowman, Subbaro Surampudi, Charles K. Witham, Adrian Hightower, "LaNi5 IS-based metal hydride electrode in Ni-MH rechargeable cells", U.S. Patent No. 5,888,665 A (1999).
Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Gerald Halpert, Brent Fultz, Charles K. Witham, Robert C. Bowman, Adrian Hightower, "Metal hydrides as electrode/catalyst materials for oxygen evolution/reduction in electrochemical devices," U.S. Patent No. 5,656,388 A (1997).
Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Alan I. Attia, Gerald Halpert, "Foil positive electrodes in sodium-nickel chloride batteries", U.S. Patent No. 5,554,457 A (1996).
Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Subbarao Surampudi, Gerald Halpert, "Long life NA/NiCl2 cells", U.S. Patent No. 5,573,873 (1994).
Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Salvador Distefano, C. Perry Bankston, "Metal chloride cathode for a battery", U.S. Patent No. 5,019,470 A (1991).
Ratnakumar V. Bugga, Salvador Distefano, Ganesan Nagasubramanian, Clyde P.
Bankston, "Copper Chloride for a Secondary Battery", U.S. Patent No. 4,945,012 (1990).